Portuguese to English Translation by Christian Flores Valladares -----------------------------
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Slackware is the oldest Linux distribution in action, so, in this text we will introduce the reader to the principal of this wonderful Linux distribution. We will see in some detail, how to install Slackware Linux. My thanks to all those who contributed the most varied ways to the development of free software and in particular the Linux operating system. I hope the text is useful to many beginners in the Linux world " ----------------------------------------------
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Unfortunately, Slackware has a reputation (wrong) to be "difficult "usuariosnovatos not being recommended for linux. It is true that it takes some time to configure it, but the technical knowledge administratives odd. It is part of the guide will show you a step by step how to install a simple Slackware.Se used as a generator tool to support VMware virtual machines (
http://www.vmware.com/ ), which we allow the capture of almost all pictures of the installation. Along with imagenestenemos comments to explain what the installer offers / solicita.Antes begin, some details should be reviewed: slackware installer is used in text mode, that means the mouse will not be activated. So to allow interaction browsing options, the arrow keys and TAB are activated. And before you start, something that should always serrepetido: Make a copy of your important files.
Not responsible for damage to equipment caused by faulty installations
's begin!
This is the first screen of the Slackware installer: version is presented and we are informed about which version of the kernel we use for installation. If we press just us ENTER, the default kernel (bare.i) is installed. On the other hand, if we press F2, the installer we will display a help screen. That's what we do.
As we said in the previous image, press F2, the installer presents a help screen that brings some comments on the kernels available for the installation but, pressing F3 will post a complete list of kernels, then see:
We now have the complete list of available kernels (described below).
bareacpi.i - Kernel generic IDE (not SATA) with support desligamento software (the motherboard with ATX bracket); sata.i - kernel for HDs sata (serial ata); test26.s - the family kernel 2.6 for testing.
We still must make it clear that Slackware does not adopt as standard with a kernel of familia2.6. later (in another post) will show how to update the kernel using the packages ready to go on CD / DVD installation. To conclude our presentation, we choose the option bareacpi.i (if they can choose another kernel, but if they are novices are recommended to choose the kernel predeterminadoo standard "writing ...") barei next to" boot "(note the image above ) and proceed to type ENTER.
just a question of continuity we show the previous image, it is the charging of the kernel taken (bareacpi.i). On the next screen, the interaction with the instaladorcontinuará.
after kernel loading process, the installer tells us that we can change the keyboard layout if we do not have a U.S. standard keyboard. As in general we use the model ABNT-2, you type option 1 and press ENTER.
In this screen we select the key map, with the directional arrow "down" we sailed up to the "qwerty / es.map" for example, but of course the dear reader should choose the appropriate map to you. After we define the keyboard layout of our system, using the TAB key, position the cursor on the OK option and we pressed ENTER
(NOTE: the image is to choose "qwerty/br-abnt2. map "this is because the guide has been translated from Portuguese into English, so is the picture that you pick the map for a tecladode Brazil. We have to choose the option qwerty / es.map which is the keyboard layout in English)
The installer now asks that we tested the keyboard layout: it is enough to type some characters related to design, ejm, ^.?, {, etc.. If everything is ok, just type the number 1 (as in the image above), position the cursor on OK (using the TAB key) and press ENTER.
We still have some fine details that will be resolved before the instalaciónpropiamente said. First we have to logearnos in the system and for that we use the root user (or administrator). Consequently, type root and type ENTER
Before we begin the installation, we need the hard disk partition (hd): The official Slackware partitioner is cfdisk. To call, type in the command line cfdisk and type ENTER.
In the picture above we cfdisk interface. Note that in the simulation of the system (using VMware) are based on HD with no operating system installed. If we have another operating system installed on the PC, some cares must be taken. An important point about nomenclature wing adopts Linux partitions, because Windows partitions are etiquetadasusando letters (the main one being C). Linux and nomenclature takes into account whether the HD is master or slave and that IDE channel is connected. Please note: the hda: Primary master IDE device on hdb: Primary slave IDE HDC: Secondary IDE master device hdd: Secondary slave IDE device
On the other hand, if the machine has a SATA hd, it will be identified as sda (to the kernel 2.6.18.x, SATA hard disk was recognized as a SCSI device) . Well then, partitions are identificadasincluyendo numeric suffix to the device, for example, a primary partition (the equivalent of C: Windows) should be named as the hda1 (or hda2, the hda3, etc.), Considering that we are partitioning a set hd as master and connected to the primary IDE channel. Indeed these considerations, first identify a free section of your hd and then position the cursor on NEW and type ENTER. As in previous cases, the navigation is using the directional arrows.
(NOTE: For the hard disk partitions, you should investigate before the partitioning puestoque if you make an error and windows can lose all your data. Look a bit on google, there are plenty of websites that talk about the partitioning drive to install windows and linux together.)
partitioner now asks if you want to create a primary partition (where the system is installed) or a partition exchange swap (we will explain that it is more below). To avoid unnecessary complications, mainly for who is starting in Slackware, we will create a single primary partition that will receive the entire system. Consequently, position the cursor in the "Primary" and then ENTER.
cfdisk
then asked to define the size of the primary partition, note on the image anteriorque the virtual hd (we're in a simulation) has 4294 MB of free space, and is also seen that we chose a 3782 MB partition size. That will leave us with approximately 512 MBlibres, the explanation for such a choice is this: is a rule CRARN a swap partition (swap) to double the physical memory. Since we have 256 MB of RAM memory for our virtual machine, we will use 512 MB for swap partition. Suppose that the pc hd has 40 GB and 512 MB of RAM, then we should use 1 GB swap, and if we are going to use that hd space, we must choose (the approximate) 39 GB for the partition primary. If in case you have other operating systems on the computer, you have to do a little calculation to adapt to you. After choosing the size of the primary partition, type ENTER.
After choosing the size of the partition, the partitioner asks if we want the partition to be created at the end or the beginning of free space. We chose to start [Beginning] ytecleamos ENTER
We see in the picture above the primary partition was created and by default is defined as a Linux partition. Position the bar in the space, change the cursor to [New] and type ENTER, because now we need to create a swap partition (swap).
We return to the same menu when we create the primary partition, and now it is a swap partition, move the cursor to [logical] and then type ENTER.
cfdisk partitioning again asks us to size the partition we want crear.En our case is sufficient to use the remaining free space. Choose the appropriate option to you. At the end type ENTER.
The particionamento is almost ready, but we still have a detail, as already stated, the default cfdisk defined as type Linux partition. In the case of a primary partition that is appropriate, but NoCu is a swap partition. To resolve this problem, place the swap partition bar, navigate the menu until the [Type] and then press ENTER.
You will find the picture above. The cfdisk offers a variety of options, which interests us is the option 82. Continue to press ENTER.
After pressing ENTER, cfdisk asks us to choose what type of file system for the partition in question. As already mentioned, just type 82 and then type ENTER.
Finally finished the process of particionamento! Notice that the partitioner named partitions as hda1 (primary partition) and hda5 (swap partition). Before saving the changes we need to do boteable the primary drive (hda1) selected and choose to drive hd1 position the cursor on the option bootable, Note that now the primary particon already boteable hda1 linux (on the side of hda1 which says Boot indicates that the unit and esboteable). Now we just need to save the settings: for that, position the cursor on the [Write] and press ENTER. Be sure that did not damage any existing partition, because the process can destroy all data!
Last chance! The partitioner asks us if we want to save the particionamento in MBR (Master Boot Record), be sure that everything is correct, If so, simply typing yes and pressing ENTER.
At this point we have finished the hard disk particionamento and to exit the partitioner, position the cursor on [Quit] and press ENTER.
We now return to menu commands, and as we finished particionamento we can begin the installation, so we must run the installer. For that, you type setup and pressing ENTER to proceed.
The image above is the first screen of the Slackware installer, when we already chose the keyboard layout, position the cursor at ADDSWAP and we type ENTER. That will make the appropriate partitioner to format the swap partition (swap).
The installer detects a swap partition and asks us if we wanted to continue the process of formatting the swap partition. Just press ENTER.
This is an interesting step: the installer asks if you want him to test the physical integrity of the hard drive (in the case, the presence of bad blocks in the swap partition). We are also told that the hd is factory tested, but as the existing hardware can vary greatly in the conditions of manufacture and can age the best option is to allow this option. For that, using the TAB key, move the cursor under the option Yes and press ENTER
After formatting the partition swap, the previous screen displays indicating that everything went well. To continue just press ENTER.
Now we format the primary partition is where the system will be installed; lala image shown above. When we only have one partition, just to press ENTER. Note that we are in a simulation, if the reader has other partitions that contain other Linux distributions, be very careful not to overwrite the wrong partition
As in the case of the swap, the installer asks if formatera we want to partition. There are two options: with and without checking for the existence of bad blocks, we optamospor simple formatting (we're in a simulation), but again, due to the large variety of existing hardware, we suggest you choose the second option. After choosing the option, press ENTER.
formatting an important step: the installer asks which file system we use, Tenemostres options: ext2: the classical Linux files, we do not recommend for not having the use of journaling (see below .) But that is the "journaling."? Journaling is an innovation in file systems, constitutes a system log before the system updates to make changes in the tree directoriospropiamente said. In the case of an accidental desligamento, the operating system accesses the log file to restore the system from the last record before failure. ext3, ext2 is the successor may or may not be used, although our personal experience prefierela last option, we witness the loss of data due to an unintended reboot or power failure. the reiserfs: Our experience indicates that it is the better option, we got puntodel intentionally to reset the machine and there was no loss of data, the system will boot normally again.
After choosing, just press ENTER.
As in the case of formatting the swap partition, if everything ran fine, the installer reports that the formatted partition was included in the fstab file. To continue, press ENTER.
Now 
formatted partitions, we indicate to the installer which is the medium that contains the applications, as probably the reader will use CDs (or DVD), the first option is appropriate. Press ENTER.
After the previous step, the installer asks if you want an automatic rastreamento CD drive (or DVD) that contains the installation files or if we want to drive a manual specification. Of course the first option is more practical; go directly by pressing ENTER.
After the discovery of the media, the installer presents a menu of paquetes.Nosotros opted for choosing the simplest: choose packages from all groups, less than full KDE language packs, therefore, simply position the cursor OK and press ENTER.
There are many models of application deployment during an installation of Slackware. As this manual is intended for beginners, we consider the full installation (Full), notice is required partition with a size of at least 3 GB. Made that choice, press ENTER. To continue, press ENTER.
Package installation will begin. The image above tells us that the option was chosen InstallationInstructions of all applications.
In the picture above we see and the installation of packages (if they are the kernel modules). Now you can go grab a coffee or do something else because, depending on the capacity of your PC, you can take a while, -)
After the package installation, the installer now asks we specify where the kernel to be installed. To continue, press ENTER. A detail should be mentioned: if the media were used by the reader CDs, the installer will ask the appropriate CD, on the other hand, if the DVD, the installer will locate the kernel directly.
In the picture above, the installer correctly identified the appropriate kernel version. This was possible because the choice we made during the boot was saved. If the reader remembers, we opted for the version bareacpi.i (the generic IDE kernel with automatic desligamento resource use). In order to continue, press ENTER.
After installing the kernel, the installer asks if we want to create a boot disk. We recommend you create a boot disk is very useful if a failure occurs inthe initialization of Slackware. create the boot disk unless you do not have a floppy diskette in the pc. In the end, press ENTER.
For those who have a modem in the computer, this installation step is important. The Slackware instaladorde asks us if we want a link to the modem as an example, we mentioned the option of a PCI modem connected to / dev/ttyS4. Should not have a modem in the computer, position yourself in modem option, then ENTER.
Linux has a script that during the review booting the PC in search of new hardware, this is the hotplug. In the picture above, the installer on the question of whether we want to enable hotplug at boot the system. We recommend to choose Yes, even if it means a little extra time in the system load. To continue, type ENTER.
Another important step in the installation of Slackware, the installer asks in what way we want to install the starter generator system, or call lilo (from "linux boot loader). Opciónmás choose the simple, "simple" (try LILO install automatically.) At the end we press ENTER.
In the picture above, we are asked to choose the level of resolution to be adopted at the lilo splash screen. We chose the resolution 1024x768x256 (Frame buffer console). Then press ENTER.
Please pay attention to this step. Here the installer allows us to pass parameters to the kernel. Engeneral is a call for SCSI emulation and it is advisable for the family kernels 2.4. If you do not want to upgrade the kernel later, include a line of type (within dialog box): hdc = ide-scsi This is for a writer CD / DVD connected as secondary master IDE pc. For other configurations, make the proper adjustments, and then press ENTER. On the other hand, in the case of quereractualizar the kernel line does not include any parameter, simply use the TAB key to position the cursor on the OK option and press ENTER.
One last step to install the starter generator, the main two are the first (Root) and last (MBR). In the first, the generator is installed on the partition where you installed Slack, and last, the starter generator is installed in MBR hd. As we will use the Slackware lilo to boot control, we MBR choose the third option (Install to Master Boot Record). Choose the most appropriate for your case and press ENTER.
We turn to the configuration of another device. In the picture above, the installer asks you to indicate which type of mouse is connected to the computer, in our case is a USB mouse. Browse through the options, choose the most appropriate to your case (generally are ps2 mouse) and press ENTER.
Following the session on the mouse, now the installer on the question of whether we want the resource to copy & paste is activated. Choose Yes and press ENTER.
Here a sensitive issue that can not be discussed during the simulation (we are in an isolated machine), it is the network configuration, but we guarantee that the process is simple, just place the cursor over the Yes option and put the usual information Network: IP number, DNS, Gateway, etc. In our case simulation, to continue, we chose No and press ENTER.
An important point of the system initialization, the installer offers a menu of services WHAT CAN be started at boot. For a security issue, we choose two: rc.scanluns (rastreamento devices) and rc.syslog (daemon log for system). Other opcionescomo rc.samba (for the interaction of Windows and Linux machines in networks), or rc.cups (print server, etc.). Be very careful with the type of service activated. In the end, press ENTER.
A simple step. The installer asks if you want to customize additional resources, just position the cursor to No and press ENTER.
Now we must indicate which is the basis for the system clock. We chose the first option (hardware clock to local time is in September), then press ENTER.
Continuing with the system clock settings, now must indicate what time inthe area where we are. In the simulation we see that you choose America / Sao Paulo, but we must choose city where we are, in my case America / Lima. Choose the city you are in and press ENTER.
An important point configuration: we must choose what we use in nuetroescritorio graphical environment. Then, we may change this option if you want, but in the simulation, to reduce the load time for X Window System Configuration Test, was chosen light environment, the Windowmaker. For starters it is advisable to choose the KDE environment, but must have a good memory and video ram. If you have a PC with 256MB of RAM and 32MB of video, probably Kde may not work well in that case should choose xfce or fluxbox environments that are very good. (why should research well on linux, partitions, graphical environments, hardware compatibility , etcantes install a Linux distribution. First, read a little) Once you chose the proper graphical environment select ok and press ENTER.
A key step in the installation, we provide the root password (user administradordel system) - we strongly advise this to be obeyed for safety. We continue choosing Yes and pressing ENTER.
The installer asks us to write two Sometimes the root password. Beware of committing cualquiererror (type different passwords), in the end, just press ENTER.
term
Installation!. Press ENTER to return to the main menu.
As we can see in the picture above, we return to the main menu, position the cursor on ypresionamos EXIT ENTER. Note that the installer that contains the process, expel the media drive (CD or DVD) and still tell us to reboot the system simultaneously typing reboot or typing CTRL + ALT + DEL. We chose to write the reboot at the command line to restart the system.
The image above is the reader will see after the first reboot the system, as in our simulation for the virtual machine has only one operating system installed, we only have the Linux select, then press ENTER. We will continue with the simulation for us to comment on a little more.
In the picture above, we see Linux boteando in the virtual machine. The atmosphere of the VMware virtual machine emulates a complete personal computer, and how we see, the Linux kernel recognizes all emulated peripherals and shared with the real machine.
After the boot process, the system asks for us loguemos. At the moment there is only elusuario administrator (root), we have to create another user since it is very dangerous trabajarcomo root.Para create a user keys # adduser JNET (# not written as it is already there)
The adduser is the utility that create users, the "JNET is a login name we chose (choose your own!) to the user that we create. Thus after the order, a sucesiónde orders as shown in the picture below will.
As we can see in the picture above, the adduser us a series of questions. The user login name that we already defined, it appears in the first line of the configuration. For a simple setup, just keep pressing ENTER (default values \u200b\u200bare generally satisfactory), we say if a configuration on a personal computer to the server if it is necessary to take into account, for example, the expiration date account to be created. At the end of the first list of questions, the adduser utility reports that the secret account from the information provided and we are prompted to press ENTER.
Continuing with the configuration of the user account, we now ask for additional information such as user's full name, telephone number at work, home telephone number, etc. This information is not mandatory for a configuration done on a personal computer, in other words, just press ENTER, but doing it slowly (see question), and tambiénpreste attention to the last question is when the configurator asks for password user (twice) It is obvious that we will use the created. Finally
to enter the desktop must type the following # startx
Now load the desktop Slackware. Congratulations, now you can start to work but not seolviden that much remains to be set, we have only taken a small step into the world of Linux, quedamucho to learn.
I hope very soon to put a post on slackware
graphic settings
Greetings from Callao, PERU
